South Korea vs. North Korea

The division of Korea into North Korea and South Korea stems from the Block Allied victory in World War II, ending 35 years of Japanese colonization of Korea. In a proposal that was rejected by almost all the Korean nation, the United States and Soviet Union agreed to temporarily occupy the country of Korea as a trust territory with surveillance zones demarcated on along 38 degrees north latitude. The purpose of this trust is to establish an interim government that Korea would become free and independent in time. Although the general election is scheduled, the two superpowers of the support behind the opposition leaders and the two countries have effectively been set, respectively recognized the sovereignty over the entire Korean Peninsula.

Korean peninsula, first divided by 38 degrees north latitude, which later became the long line of demarcation

Korean War (1950-1953) left the two Koreas separated by the Korean Demilitarized Zone, which is technically still leaves the war through the Cold War until today. North Korea is a communist state, often described as Stalinist and closed. Its economy initially enjoyed substantial growth, but collapsed in the 1990s, unlike the neighboring Communist People's Republic of China. South Korea grew, after decades under the authoritarian ruler, a liberal democracy capitalis, one of the largest economies in the world.

Since the 1990s, the South Korean government is a progressive liberal, nor the death of North Korean founder Kim Il-sung, the two parties mangambil way, symbolic steps towards a possible Korean reunification

BACKGROUND:

Japanese colonial rule over Korea (1910-1945)

Korea had been a partial area of ​​the Japanese Empire from 1910 until 1945. Japan's involvement began with the Treaty of Ganghwa in 1876 when the Joseon Dynasty of Korea and the increasing spate of killings at the hands of Queen Myeongseong Japanese agents in 1895, and culminating with the Treaty Eulsa Annexation Treaty of 1905 and 1910, both of which were eventually declared "null and invalid "by both parties (Japan and South Korea) in 1965. Throughout this time, although the Japanese built a network of roads and modern communications, the lives of ordinary people of Korea is very hard.

Japanese occupation of Korea ended with the surrender of Japan to the Allies in 1945 block at the end of World War II. Then divided the Korean peninsula over North Korea and South. This leaves the occupation period of continuous conflict between Japan and Korea both parties.

In Korea, this time called the Japanese Occupation Period (일제 강점기; Ilje gangjeomgi) or the Age of Empire of Japan (일제 시대, Ilje sidae), sometimes also Wae jeong (Hangul: 왜정, Hanja: 倭 政), or "the administration of Japan" . In Japan, this time called in Korea under the Japanese (日本 統治 時代 の 朝鮮).

The end of World War II (1939-1945)

On November 1943, Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek met in Cairo Conference to discuss what should happen in the Japanese colony, and agree that Japan must lose all the dangers taklukkannya because of fears the rise of Japan. In a statement after the conference, mentioned for the first time in Korea. Three power states that "awareness of the slavery of Korean people are determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent" (Cairo Conference). For Korean nationalists who wanted immediate independence, the phrase "in time" is the reason for anxiety. Roosevelt may have been suggested to Stalin that 3 or 4 years elapse before full Korean independence; Stalin objected, saying that the time period over which the desired singkatlah. In any case, the conversation between Block Korea will not continue until the Allied victory over Japan is getting closer.

With the end of the war that appears in August 1945, there is still no consensus on the fate of Korea among Allied leaders. Many Koreans in the Korean Peninsula have made their own plans for the future of Korea, and some of these plans include re-occupation of Korea by a foreign power. Following the atomic bombings in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, Soviet troops invaded Manchuria, as agreed by Joseph Stalin to Harry Truman during the Potsdam conference. [3] However, American leaders worried that the whole peninsula might be occupied by the Soviet Union, and this fear may also led to the Soviet occupation of Japan. Subsequent events showed these fears to be unfounded.Soviet troops arrived in Korea before the arrival of American troops, but they only occupied the northern part of the peninsula, stopping on their way at 38 degrees North latitude, in accordance with their agreement with the United States. On August 10, 1945 two young officers - Dean Rusk and Charles Bonesteel - were assigned to create the American occupation zone. Working on very short notice and did not have adequate preparation for the task, they used the National Geographic map to determine the latitude of 38 degrees, they chose it because the line dividing Korea roughly in the middle but it will make the capital Seoul under American control. There is no expert on Korea requested consultations and the two men do not realize that forty years earlier, Japan and Russia have discussed the division of Korea along the same latitude; Rusk later said that he knew, he was "almost certainly" would choose a different line .However, the decision was hastily written into General Order No. 1 to the maintenance of postwar Japan.

Gen. Nobuyuki Abe, the Governor-General of Japan in Korea the last, has been associated with a number of influential Koreans since the beginning of August 1945 to prepare for the transition of power. On August 15, 1945, Lyuh Woon-Hyung, a moderate left-wing politicians, agreed to take over. He was in charge of preparing the establishment of a new country and worked hard to build a governance structure. On 6 September 1945, representatives of the congress convened in Seoul. The preparation of basic modern Korean state took place only three weeks after Japan's surrender.Dominated by left-wing government, which is partly caused by many antipenjajahan fighters who agree with a lot of views on imperialism and colonialism of communism.

AFTER WORLD WAR II

IN THE SOUTH

On 7 September 1945, General MacArthur announced that Lieutenant General John R.Hodge manages the affairs of Korea, and Hodge landed in Incheon baserta troops the next day. "The Government of the Republic of Korea" sent a delegation with three interpreters, but he refused to meet them.

With their focus is more dominant against Japan, American military authorities to be less attention to Korea and soldiers generally do not want to be assigned there. While Japan was put under civilian rule, Korea was placed under the direct rule of the military units. Little change in the administration of that country; officers who perform services under the authority of the Japanese remain in their respective positions. Governor of Japan is not terminated until mid-September and many Japanese officials are in office until 1946. The decision angered most Koreans, because Japan has been assisting exploit Korea. This anger deepened when the U.S. military chose to give a lot of government positions for the Koreans who is considered to have betrayed their own country by cooperating with Japanese authorities.

U.S. occupation authorities in southern Korea to see a lot of effort as the government's indigenous communist insurgency and refused to recognize the "Provisional Government". However, an anti-communist named Syngman Rhee, who moved back to Korea after decades in exile in the United States, regarded as an acceptable candidate to lead this country a while because he was considered friendly to the United States.

Under Rhee, the interim government of South Korea made a number of military campaigns against leftist rebels who took up arms against the government and persecute political opponents. Over the next few years, between 30,000 and 100,000 people lost their lives during the war against leftist rebels. In August 1948, Syngman Rhee became the first president of South Korea, and U.S. forces leave the peninsula.